Background: Spectacles are the most common, easy and affordable method of providing refractive correction to individuals with refractive error1. If dispensed correctly, they provide good visual and physical comfort, so accurate dispensing is critical to avoid the discomfort that may follow. The aim of this research is to assess the accuracy of spectacle lens parameters with their prescription. Method: This crossectional analytical study was conducted from July 2017-October 2017 in Asmara, Eritrea. 204 individuals were included in this study. In single vision glasses refractive power, IPD and OCD were checked. In addition to these fitting height and segment height was checked in bifocal glasses. Site of dispensing and if measurement was taken at that site or not was questioned to all 204 participants. After taking the relevant measurements, the result was checked against the prescription paper and further was compared with ANSI tolerance limit. Any parameter outside the tolerance limit was considered as incorrect dispensing. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 204 spectacles of 204 individuals were assessed. The mean age was 37.79(range 6-70). Males accounted for 118(57.84%) and 86(42.16%) were females. Out of the 204 spectacles, 196 were single vision and the remaining 8 were bifocals. The difference in spherical, cylindrical and axis between the prescription and dispensed lenses were statistically significant of p<0.01 in single vision lenses while these were statistically not significant of p>0.01 in bifocal lenses. The calculated HPE in single vision was statistically significant of p<0.01 where as in bifocal it was not (p>0.01). The difference between the segment height and fitting height in bifocals was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that all parameters were inaccurately dispensed with IPD error accounting the most. Power and axis error held values lower than that of the IPD. This signifies the need for improved dispensing practice as well as careful professional workup.
Lidia Tesfaghaber, Marta Ghebrehiwet, Misghana Tesfamichael*, Niat Mekonen.
Poliomyelitis (Polio) is in communicable disease that's caused by viruses that will end in a good vary of symptoms in patients. Alternative terms for infectious disease embrace poliomyelitis and polio. Most the countries have acute anterior poliomyelitis victims particularly in Asian country there at over 50000 infants die or get laid low with acute anterior poliomyelitis virus each year. Vero cells-African Monkey kidney cells plays prestigious role to kill infantile paralysis viruses and cure the disease. So, a speculative plan of victimisation Vero cells to supply effective medicine against acute anterior poliomyelitis virus by analyzing its culturing pragmatic and theoretical technique tired Pharmaceutical biotechnology wet-lab and associating it with bioinformatics ways for fast movableness of the data round the globe in future aspects of study to be undertaken. Docking is often used to predict the binding orientation of little molecule drug candidates to their super molecule targets in order to in flip predict the affinity and activity of the little molecule. Thus arrival plays vital role in the rational style of medicine.
M. Radhika*, K. Priyanka, B. Aarthi Rashmi, R. Srija, Apsara Unni.
Background: One of the most and frequently used nursing procedure and highly problematic in developing countries is oxygen therapy. However, there are significant gaps regarding oxygen therapy despite their frequent use. It is reported that, Maximum percent of oxygen delivery and flow rates are particularly poor, with potential negative impact on patient care including delivering too little oxygen in emergencies, leading to CO2 retention1. It is noted that oxygen deficiency leads to deleterious effects on all organs of the body and it causes cell dysfunction and death2,3. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses about oxygen therapy at Orotta National Referral Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. The target population was all nurses working in the emergency and ICU department of the Orotta National Referral Hospital (ONRH) and total enumerative method was used. A self-administered structured questioner was used to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitude about oxygen therapy and observational checklist was used to assess their practice in comparison with the widely used oxygen therapy guidelines in nursing standards. Data was entered in to SPSS and descriptive statistics was used to compare results among the study groups using frequency distribution count, percentages, and cross tabulation. Results: Among 60 nurses included in the study, 81.7% were females. The mean age was 25 years. The mean percentage score on knowledge, attitude and practice were 40%, 60% and 60% respectively. Knowledge, attitude and practice on oxygen therapy was good in 43.3% for knowledge; 63.3% for attitude; 45% for practice respectively. It was found out that poor knowledge, attitude and practice on oxygen therapy were attributed due to lack of training, availability of oxygen therapy guidelines, and adequate supply of oxygen and delivery devices by 45%, 35%, 70%, and 61.7% of the respondents respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that there was a gap in knowledge, attitude and practice among the participants. Some of the possible factors were also identified which includes lack of oxygen therapy training and guideline and work load.
Aim: The aim of this study aims to find out the effectiveness of six weeks Pilates exercise program on physical fitness and Mental Health Wellbeing in sedentary college students. Material and methods: 20 students, both girls and boys (18-25 years) were included in the study and were instructed to perform Pilates exercises, which were conducted twice a week with duration of 40-50 minutes/ session. The exercises included 5 minutes of warm up and 5 minutes of cool down. Participants’ physical fitness and mental health wellbeing were tested before and after six weeks of regular exercises. Physical Fitness Index was measured using Modified Harvard step test. Mental health wellbeing was measured using Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Data Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using a paired t-test. Results: Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant increase in physical fitness and significant improvement in the level of mental health well-being after following the Pilates protocol. Conclusion: The present study concluded that six weeks of Pilates exercise program seems to be effective in increasing the physical fitness index and also improving the mental health wellbeing of sedentary college students.
Background: The safety of tattoos and body piercing has been the subject of concerns. As the popularity of tattoos continues to grow, so does the concern about potential risks associated with it. This study aims at assessing the physical and psychosocial health risks of tattooing in Asmara. Methods: The research design was descriptive cross-sectional study which mixed both quantitative and qualitative methods. Face to face interview was conducted using structured questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 to produce the frequencies whereas the qualitative data was analyzed by using thematic frame work analysis method. Results: There were a total of 200 of respondents in this study. Majority of the respondents (61.5%) were in the age group of 21-30. Most of the respondents (81.5%) have acquired their tattoos before the age of 20. The commonly tattooed body parts were hand (61.5%) and arm (47.5%). Tattoos on sensitive body parts including the neck, genitals, cheeks, thighs, lips, abdomen and forehead accounted for 12.5%. A total of 124 (62%) respondents experienced a problem after 24 hours of acquiring the tattoo. Inflammation was the most frequently reported problem (75%). Seventy nine percent of the male respondents and 73.3% of the female respondents regretted their tattoos because it was hard to erase. A total of 67.5% hide their tattoos most of which (83.3%) hide their tattoos at “social gathering”, followed by “around the family (41.4%) and “at work (28.1%)”. Conclusion: Physical health risks that are manifested with tattooing are massive in our settings including the risk of transmission of blood borne diseases, infections and other physical problems including inflammation, pain and bleeding. The worst part of it is that the health seeking behavior was very low. In addition, mistreatment, insult, neglect and discrimination show the social consequences of tattooing which forced them to feel uncomfortable and to hide their tattoos in public places.